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来源：http://www.cx-fire.com/ 日期：2026-03-18
自动喷水灭火系统喷头品类知多少
What are the types of sprinkler heads for automatic fire extinguishing systems
现行规范GB5135有以下六类喷头：
The current standard GB5135 has the following six types of nozzles:
GB5135.1-2019 自动喷水灭火系统 第1部分：洒水喷头
GB5135.1-2019 Automatic Sprinkler System Part 1: Sprinkler Head
GB5135.3-2003 自动喷水灭火系统 第3部分：水雾喷头
GB5135.3-2003 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 3: Water Mist Nozzles
GB5135.9-2018 自动喷水灭火系统 第9部分：早期抑制快速响应（ESFR）喷头
GB5135.9-2018 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 9: Early Suppression Rapid Response (ESFR) Sprinklers
GB5135.13-2006 自动喷水灭火系统 第13部分：水幕喷头
GB5135.13-2006 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 13: Water Curtain Nozzles
GB5135.15-2008 自动喷水灭火系统 第15部分：家用喷头
GB5135.15-2008 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 15: Household Sprinklers
GB5135.22-2019 自动喷水灭火系统 第22部分：特殊应用喷头
GB5135.22-2019 Automatic Sprinkler Systems Part 22: Special Application Sprinklers
一、洒水喷头
1、 Sprinkler head
此类喷头比较常见。
This type of nozzle is quite common.
1、产品代号为ZST，表示自动喷水灭火系统洒水喷头。
1. The product code is ZST, which stands for automatic sprinkler system sprinkler head.
2、性能代号表示洒水喷头的安装位置等特性。性能代号如下：
2. The performance code represents the installation position and other characteristics of the sprinkler head. The performance codes are as follows:
a）直立型洒水喷头：Z；
a) Vertical sprinkler head: Z;
b）下垂型洒水喷头：X；
b) Pendant sprinkler head: X;
c）直立边墙型洒水喷头：BZ；
c) Vertical wall type sprinkler head: BZ;
d）下垂边墙型洒水喷头：BX；
d) Suspended wall type sprinkler head: BX;
e）水平边墙型洒水喷头：BS；
e) Horizontal wall type sprinkler head: BS;
f）齐平式洒水喷头：DQ；
f) Flat type sprinkler head: DQ;
g）嵌入式洒水喷头：DR；
g) Embedded sprinkler head: DR;
h）隐蔽式洒水喷头：DY；
h) Concealed sprinkler head: DY;
i）干式下垂型洒水喷头：GX；
i) Dry drooping sprinkler head: GX;
j）干式直立型洒水喷头：GZ。
j) Dry upright sprinkler head: GZ.
3、公称流量系数和接口螺纹
3. Nominal flow coefficient and interface thread
4、公称动作温度和颜色标志
4. Nominal operating temperature and color markings
洒水喷头的公称动作温度和颜色标志见表2。
The nominal operating temperature and color markings of the sprinkler head are shown in Table 2.
易熔元件洒水喷头应在轭臂或相应的位置作出颜色标志。
The fusible element sprinkler head should be marked with a color symbol on the yoke arm or corresponding position.
5、其他：
5. Other:
a）快速响应洒水喷头、特殊响应洒水喷头、扩大覆盖面积洒水喷头在产品代号前分别加“K”“T”“EC”，并以“—”与产品代号间隔。标准响应洒水喷头在产品代号前不加代号。
a) Quick response sprinklers, special response sprinklers, and expanded coverage sprinklers should be prefixed with "K", "T", and "EC" before the product code, and separated from the product code by a "-". Standard response sprinklers do not have a code added before the product code.
b）自定义代号由制造商规定，用于表征热敏元件的类型、产品特殊结构等信息，由大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字或其组合构成，字符不宜超过3个。
b) The custom code is specified by the manufacturer and is used to characterize the type of thermistor, special structure of the product, and other information. It consists of uppercase English letters, Arabic numerals, or a combination thereof, and should not exceed 3 characters.
示例1：
Example 1:
ZSTX80-93 ℃Q5表示标准响应、下垂安装，公称流量系数为80，公称动作温度为93℃，热敏元件为5mm玻璃球的喷头。
ZSTX80-93 ℃ Q5 represents a standard response, drooping installation, nominal flow coefficient of 80, nominal operating temperature of 93 ℃, and a nozzle with a 5mm glass ball thermal sensor.
Q：代表喷头的热敏元件为玻璃球。
Q: The thermal sensor representing the nozzle is a glass ball.
5：代表玻璃球的直径φ5mm。
5: The diameter of the glass ball represents a diameter of 5mm.
示例2：
Example 2:
K-ZSTZ115-74 ℃YS表示快速响应、直立安装，公称流量系数为115，公称动作温度为74℃，热敏元件为易熔合金，带防水罩的喷头。
K-ZSTZ115-74 ℃ YS represents a quick response, upright installation, with a nominal flow coefficient of 115 and a nominal operating temperature of 74 ℃. The thermal sensitive element is a fusible alloy and the nozzle is equipped with a waterproof cover.
Y：代表喷头的热敏元件为易熔合金。
Y: The thermal sensing element representing the nozzle is a fusible alloy.
示例3：
Example 3:
EC-ZSTBS161-72 ℃Y表示边墙型、水平安装，公称流量系数为161，公称动作温度为72℃，热敏元件为易熔合金的扩大覆盖面积洒水喷头。
EC-ZMTBS161-72 ℃ Y represents a side wall type, horizontally installed, with a nominal flow coefficient of 161 and a nominal operating temperature of 72 ℃. The thermal sensitive element is an expanded coverage area sprinkler head made of fusible alloy.
YS：代表喷头的热敏元件为易熔合金，且带有防水罩这一特殊结构。
YS: The thermal sensitive element representing the nozzle is made of fusible alloy and has a special structure of waterproof cover.
附上本类别其中一种喷头的图片：普通洒水喷头：
Please find attached a picture of one type of sprinkler head in this category: ordinary sprinkler head:
ZSTo80/115_K
ZSTo80/115_K
普通开式洒水喷头是指不装载感温元件的洒水喷头。在正常情况下，喷头处于开启状态，当发生火灾时才开启喷水，般可由雨淋阀(或手动喷水阀)所控制。开式喷头与雨淋阀(或手动喷水阀)、供水管网，以及探测器、控制装置等构成雨淋灭火系统。
A regular open type sprinkler head refers to a sprinkler head that is not equipped with a temperature sensing element. Under normal circumstances, the nozzle is in the open state and only starts spraying water when a fire occurs, which can generally be controlled by a rain shower valve (or manual spray valve). The open nozzle, rain sprinkler valve (or manual spray valve), water supply network, detectors, control devices, etc. constitute the rain sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
特殊响应洒水喷头：
Special response sprinkler head:
ZST型玻璃球酒水喷头是自动喷水灭火系统中的关键部件，可用来探测火灾井通过自动喷水来扑灭火灾。广泛应用于各种普通民用或高层民
The ZST glass ball alcohol spray nozzle is a key component in automatic fire extinguishing systems, which can be used to detect fire wells and extinguish fires through automatic water spraying. Widely used in various ordinary civilian or high-rise civilian applications
用、工业建筑中的轻、中度危险及严重危险保护区的消防保护。
Fire protection for light, moderate, and severe hazard protection areas in industrial buildings.
ZST型玻璃球洒水喷头由玻璃球(感温元件)、铜合金框架和密封件装配而成。喷头框架采用铜合金精密锻造，强度高，耐腐蚀性强，表面抛
The ZST type glass ball sprinkler head is assembled from a glass ball (temperature sensing element), a copper alloy frame, and a sealing component. The nozzle frame is made of copper alloy precision forging, with high strength, strong corrosion resistance, and surface polishing
光镀铬。玻璃球(感温元件)和密封垫圈均采用耐老化、耐腐蚀的优质原料。玻璃球强度高、动作可靠、反应速度快。当发生火警时，充有热
Light chrome plating. The glass ball (temperature sensing element) and sealing gasket are made of high-quality materials that are resistant to aging and corrosion. Glass balls have high strength, reliable movement, and fast response speed. When a fire alarm occurs, it is filled with heat
膨胀系数较高的有机溶液的热敏感元件玻璃球发生热膨胀而破碎，从而开启喷头喷水。
The thermosensitive element glass ball of organic solution with high expansion coefficient undergoes thermal expansion and breaks, thereby opening the nozzle to spray water.
快速响应洒水喷头：
Quick response sprinkler head:
K-ZSTZ80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTZ80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTZ115-68°CQ3
K-ZSTZ115-68°CQ3
直立型喷头
Vertical nozzle
K-ZSTX80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTX80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTX115-68°C Q3
K-ZSTX115-68°C Q3
下垂型喷头
Drooping nozzle
K-ZSTBS80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTBS80-68°CQ3
K-ZSTBS115-68°C Q3
K-ZSTBS115-68°C Q3
边墙型喷头
Side wall type nozzle
快速反应喷头一般用于场地净空高度大于8米的大型现代生产厂房以及仓储物流库房的工程。本产品具有以下特点:
Rapid response nozzles are generally used in large modern production plants and warehousing and logistics warehouses with a clearance height greater than 8 meters. This product has the following characteristics:
1.快速反应喷头的反应速度更快，更加敏感。
1. The quick response nozzle has a faster reaction speed and is more sensitive.
2.快速反应喷头在玻璃柱破裂后，喷射的水量比起普通喷头更大，能够直接抵达起火点，快速反应喷头在高压下(一般压力大于等于0.35Mpa)会喷出大量水，能够有充足的水量用来灭火。3.快速反应喷头在火灾发生时，喷头中心会喷射出强大水柱，能穿越货架扩大覆盖面积洒水喷头：扑灭，既扑灭货架上部火灾又扑灭货架底部的火灾。
2. After the glass column ruptures, the rapid response nozzle sprays a larger amount of water than a regular nozzle, which can directly reach the ignition point. Under high pressure (usually greater than or equal to 0.35Mpa), the rapid response nozzle sprays a large amount of water, providing sufficient water for extinguishing the fire. 3. When a fire occurs, the rapid response nozzle will spray a strong water column from the center of the nozzle, which can penetrate the shelves and expand the coverage area. The sprinkler head: extinguishes both the upper and bottom fires of the shelves.
扩大覆盖面积洒水喷头是指具有比常规洒水喷头更大的特定保护面积的洒水喷头。单个喷头的最大保护面积根据火灾危险等级程度，最大37平方米左右，远高于普通洒水喷头20平方米的保护面积，能够通过合理布局，有效降低工程造价。
Expanding the coverage area of a sprinkler head refers to a sprinkler head that has a specific protective area larger than a conventional sprinkler head. The maximum protection area of a single sprinkler head is around 37 square meters based on the level of fire hazard, which is much higher than the protection area of a regular sprinkler head of 20 square meters. Through reasonable layout, the project cost can be effectively reduced.
隐蔽式洒水喷隐蔽式头：
Concealed sprinkler head:
喷头的喷头装置内置于罩筒内，使喷头具有一定的装饰性，是酒店大堂、写字楼、机场等需要重视装修外观场所最好的选择。用于自动喷水灭火系统，并可根据天花板的高度调节外罩的高度。隐蔽式洒水喷头由喷头、罩筒、外罩座、外罩盖等组成。喷头和罩筒一起安装在管路上再安装外罩。外罩座和外罩盖由易熔合金焊接成一体。当火灾发生时，环境温度升高，达到易熔合金的熔点时，外罩盖自动脱落，随着温度的继续升高，罩内的喷头玻璃球因为温度敏感液体膨胀而破碎，从而开启喷头自动喷水。
The nozzle device of the nozzle is built into the cover tube, giving the nozzle a certain degree of decorative value. It is the best choice for places that require attention to exterior decoration, such as hotel lobbies, office buildings, airports, etc. Used for automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, and can adjust the height of the outer cover according to the height of the ceiling. The concealed sprinkler head consists of a nozzle, a cover cylinder, a cover seat, a cover cover, etc. Install the nozzle and cover tube together on the pipeline and then install the outer cover. The outer cover seat and outer cover are welded together with a fusible alloy. When a fire occurs, the ambient temperature rises to the melting point of the fusible alloy, and the outer cover automatically falls off. As the temperature continues to rise, the glass ball of the nozzle inside the cover breaks due to the expansion of the temperature sensitive liquid, thereby opening the nozzle to automatically spray water.
易熔合金洒水喷头:
Fusible alloy sprinkler head:
洒水喷头是自动喷水灭火系统中关键的部件。它用来探测、监视、控制火情，并通过感温元件的爆裂来启动自动喷水灭火系统从而实现控火或灭火的目的。洒水喷头被广泛用于民用、商业、公共事业、工业等各类建筑物。洒水喷头框架采用铜合金精密锻造，强度高、耐腐蚀性强，表面抛光镀铬。感温元件采用国内外一线品牌，密封垫圈采用自主研发高分子密封垫片，其独特的密封结构和先进的材料技术已获得实用新型专利(专利号:ZL202020229869.4)
Sprinkler heads are key components in automatic fire extinguishing systems. It is used to detect, monitor, and control fires, and to activate the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system through the bursting of temperature sensing elements to achieve the purpose of fire control or extinguishing. Sprinkler heads are widely used in various buildings such as civil, commercial, public utilities, and industrial areas. The sprinkler head frame is made of copper alloy precision forging, with high strength and strong corrosion resistance, and the surface is polished and chrome plated. The temperature sensing element adopts top domestic and foreign brands, and the sealing gasket adopts independently developed polymer sealing gasket. Its unique sealing structure and advanced material technology have obtained utility model patents (patent number: ZL202020229869.4)
干式喷头：
Dry nozzle:
干式喷头正常工作时，喷头接管入口处有一个带弹性密封垫圈的管堵头，防止水进入喷头接管内，火灾时，喷头玻璃泡爆裂，玻璃泡和玻璃泡座脱落，喷头接管内压缩的弹簧伸展，向喷头方向推动通水管和导管，与此同时向下拉动与管堵连接的套筒，使管堵和弹簧垫圈离开入口位置，水进入喷头接管，喷头喷水。
When the dry nozzle is working normally, there is a pipe plug with an elastic sealing gasket at the inlet of the nozzle connection to prevent water from entering the nozzle connection. In case of a fire, the glass bubble of the nozzle bursts, and the glass bubble and glass bubble seat fall off. The compressed spring inside the nozzle connection extends, pushing the water pipe and conduit towards the nozzle direction. At the same time, the sleeve connected to the pipe plug is pulled downwards to make the pipe plug and spring gasket leave the inlet position, and water enters the nozzle connection, and the nozzle sprays water.
二、水雾喷头
2、 Water mist nozzle
1、术语和定义：
1. Terms and definitions:
①水雾喷头：在一定的压力作用下，在设定的区域内将水流分解为直径1 mm以下的水滴并按设计的洒水形状喷出的喷头。②雾化角：水雾喷头喷出的水雾形成围绕喷头轴心线扩展的圆锥体，其锥顶角为水雾喷头的雾化角。
① Water mist nozzle: A nozzle that decomposes water flow into droplets with a diameter of less than 1 mm within a set area under a certain pressure and sprays them out in the designed sprinkler shape. ② Atomization angle: The water mist sprayed by the water mist nozzle forms a cone that extends around the axis of the nozzle, and its cone top angle is the atomization angle of the water mist nozzle.
2、分类：A型水雾喷头进水口与出水口成一定角度的离心雾化喷头。B型水雾喷头进水口与出水口在一条直线上的离心雾化喷头。C型水雾喷头由于撞击作用而产生雾化的喷头。
2. Classification: A-type water mist nozzle, a centrifugal atomizing nozzle with a certain angle between the inlet and outlet. B-type water mist nozzle is a centrifugal atomizing nozzle with the inlet and outlet in a straight line. C-type water mist nozzle is a nozzle that produces atomization due to impact.
3、规格型号：水雾喷头常见的雾化角有五个规格，即45°、60°、90°、120°、150°。除此以外，允许使用其他雾化角的水雾喷头。
3. Specification and model: There are five common atomization angles for water mist nozzles, namely 45 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, and 150 °. In addition, it is allowed to use water mist nozzles with other atomization angles.
4、型号标记如下：型号举例：ZSTW A40/120表示A型水雾喷头，公称流量系数为40，雾化角为120°的自动喷水灭火系统水雾喷头。水雾喷头是水雾喷头灭火系统的重要部件，与控制阀（如雨淋阀）、火灾探测器、系统管网等组成水雾灭火系统。当发生火灾时，火灾探测器的信号通过控制柜启动控制阀门打开、水雾喷头将水流喷出形成水雾，均匀喷洒到保护对象的外表面上，起到灭火，抑制火热和冷却保护作用。水雾喷头分两类，一类是离心式水雾喷头，可用来保护大型变压器，扑灭电器设备火灾。另一类是撞击式水雾喷头，可用来扑灭可燃液体火灾，保护贮油自由罐。
4. The model markings are as follows: For example, ZSTW A40/120 represents an A-type water mist nozzle with a nominal flow coefficient of 40 and an atomization angle of 120 ° for an automatic fire extinguishing system water mist nozzle. The water mist nozzle is an important component of the water mist nozzle fire extinguishing system, which is composed of control valves (such as rain shower valves), fire detectors, system pipelines, etc. When a fire occurs, the signal from the fire detector activates the control valve through the control cabinet, and the water mist nozzle sprays water to form water mist, which is evenly sprayed onto the outer surface of the protected object, playing a role in extinguishing the fire, suppressing heat and cooling protection. There are two types of water mist nozzles, one is centrifugal water mist nozzle, which can be used to protect large transformers and extinguish electrical equipment fires. Another type is the impact type water mist nozzle, which can be used to extinguish flammable liquid fires and protect free oil storage tanks.
离心雾化喷头：
Centrifugal atomizing nozzle:
水雾喷头指的是在一定的水压力作用下，将水流分解为小于1mm以下的水滴喷出的喷头。
Water mist nozzle refers to a nozzle that decomposes water flow into water droplets smaller than 1mm and sprays them out under a certain water pressure.
雾化:水雾喷头喷出的水雾形成围绕喷头轴心线扩展的圆锥体，其锥顶角为水雾喷头的雾化角。离心雾化:当水流进入喷头后，被分解成沿内壁运动而具有离心速度的旋转水流和具有轴向速度的直水流，两股水流在喷头内汇合，然后以其合成速度由喷口喷出而形成雾化。B型:高速水雾喷头是自动水喷雾灭火系统中的一个重要组成部件，也是最常见离心雾化喷头。它与供水管网，控制阀门探测报警器等组成自动水喷雾灭火系统，在扑救固体可燃物火灾中，提高了水的灭火效率。同时具有内部不会造成液体火灾的飞溅和电气绝缘高的特点，特别适用于扑救电器设备、可燃烧液体等引起的火灾，保护工厂、商场、仓库、配电室、大型变压器、液化气罐、石油储罐等场所，用来防护冷却，控制火灾和扑灭火灾.
Atomization: The water mist sprayed by the water mist nozzle forms a conical shape that extends around the axis of the nozzle, and its cone top angle is the atomization angle of the water mist nozzle. Centrifugal atomization: When the water flow enters the nozzle, it is decomposed into a rotating water flow with centrifugal velocity moving along the inner wall and a straight water flow with axial velocity. The two water flows converge inside the nozzle and are then sprayed out from the nozzle at their combined velocity to form atomization. Type B: High speed water spray nozzle is an important component of automatic water spray fire extinguishing system and the most common centrifugal spray nozzle. It, together with water supply pipe network, control valve detection alarm, etc., forms an automatic water spray fire extinguishing system, which improves the fire extinguishing efficiency of water in extinguishing solid combustible fire. At the same time, it has the characteristics of internal splashing that will not cause liquid fires and high electrical insulation, making it particularly suitable for extinguishing fires caused by electrical equipment, flammable liquids, etc. It is used to protect factories, shopping malls, warehouses, distribution rooms, large transformers, liquefied gas tanks, oil storage tanks and other places, to protect cooling, control fires and extinguish fires
撞击雾化喷头：
Impact atomizing nozzle:
水雾喷头指的是在一定的水压力作用下，将水流分解为小于1mm以下的水滴喷出的喷头。
Water mist nozzle refers to a nozzle that decomposes water flow into water droplets smaller than 1mm and sprays them out under a certain water pressure.
雾化:水雾喷头喷出的水雾形成围绕喷头轴心线扩展的圆锥体，其锥顶角为水雾喷头的雾化角。
Atomization: The water mist sprayed by the water mist nozzle forms a conical shape that extends around the axis of the nozzle, and its cone top angle is the atomization angle of the water mist nozzle.
ZSTWC型水雾喷头属撞击型水雾喷头，习称中速水雾喷头。是水雾灭火系统中的关键部件，水雾喷头由框架体，撞击锺、溅水盘、固定螺钉等组成。与探测系统、消防管网、控制阀门、雨淋报警阀、过滤器等组成水雾灭火系统。ZSTWC型水雾喷头在额定的水压作用下，形成小于1.0mm直径的雾滴，并按一定角度进行喷洒。喷洒的水雾在高温下迅速汽化，达到降温、抑制火势、减少火灾破坏、降低爆炸危险的目的。因此，常被用来扑救电器设备、固体火灾、可燃液体火灾，广泛地应用于电厂的发电设备、大型变压器、电缆隧道、输煤栈桥、储油、储气罐等场所，达到防护冷却控制火势扑救火灾的功能.
The ZSTWC type water mist nozzle belongs to the impact type water mist nozzle, commonly known as the medium speed water mist nozzle. It is a key component in the water mist fire extinguishing system, and the water mist nozzle consists of a frame body, impact bell, splash plate, fixing screws, etc. The water mist fire extinguishing system is composed of detection system, fire pipe network, control valve, rain alarm valve, filter, etc. The ZSTWC water mist nozzle forms droplets with a diameter of less than 1.0mm under rated water pressure and sprays them at a certain angle. The sprayed water mist rapidly vaporizes at high temperatures, achieving the purpose of cooling, suppressing fire, reducing fire damage, and lowering explosion hazards. Therefore, it is often used to extinguish electrical equipment, solid fires, and flammable liquid fires, and is widely used in power plants' power generation equipment, large transformers, cable tunnels, coal transport bridges, oil storage, gas storage tanks, and other places to achieve the function of protecting, cooling, controlling fire, and extinguishing fires
三、早期抑制快速响应（ESFR）喷头
3、 Early suppression rapid response (ESFR) nozzle
1、术语
1. Terminology
①早期抑制：自动喷水灭火系统在火灾初期即使只启动少数喷头就能有足够的水迅速作用于火，将火扑灭或抑制火至可接受的程度。②早期抑制快速响应（ESFR）喷头：在热作用下，热敏感元件在预定的温度范围内自行启动后，将水以一定的形状和密度分布在设计的保护面积上，以达到早期抑制效果的一种洒水喷头（以下简称为ESFR喷头）。
① Early suppression: In the early stages of a fire, even with only a few nozzles activated, the automatic sprinkler system can quickly provide enough water to extinguish or suppress the fire to an acceptable level. ② Early Suppression Rapid Response (ESFR) sprinkler head: A type of sprinkler head (hereinafter referred to as ESFR sprinkler head) that, under the action of heat, activates the thermal sensing element within a predetermined temperature range and distributes water in a certain shape and density on the designed protective area to achieve early suppression effect.
2、分类
2. Classification
2.1、根据热敏感元件分类①易熔元件型ESFR喷头通过易熔元件合金受热熔化而开启的ESFR喷头。②玻璃球型ESFR喷头通过玻璃球内充装的液体受热膨胀使玻璃球爆破而开启的ESFR喷头。
2.1 According to the classification of heat sensitive components, the ESFR nozzle of the fusible element type is opened by the melting of the fusible element alloy under heat. ② The glass ball type ESFR nozzle is an ESFR nozzle that opens when the liquid filled in the glass ball is heated and expands, causing the glass ball to explode.
2.2、根据安装位置分类①下垂型ESFR喷头下垂安装，水流向下冲向溅水盘的ESFR喷头。②直立型ESFR喷头直立安装，水流向上冲向溅水盘的ESFR喷头。
2.2. Classified by installation location: ① Suspended ESFR nozzles are installed with water flowing downwards towards the splash plate. ② The upright ESFR nozzle is installed vertically, and the water flows upward towards the splash box ESFR nozzle.
3、公称动作温度、颜色标志和型号规格公称动作温度和颜色标志ESFR喷头的公称动作温度和颜色标志见表1。
3. The nominal operating temperature, color markings, and model specifications of ESFR nozzles are shown in Table 1.
3.1、ESFR喷头的型号规格由产品类别代号、公称流量系数、公称动作温度、安装形式代号、自定义代号等部分组成。
3.1 The model specifications of ESFR nozzles consist of product category code, nominal flow coefficient, nominal operating temperature, installation form code, custom code, and other parts.
3.2、产品类别代号为ESFR，表示早期抑制快速响应喷头。3.3、下垂型ESFR喷头的安装形式代号为P，直立型ESFR喷头的安装形式代号为U。
3.2. The product category code is ESFR, indicating early suppression of rapid response nozzles. 3.3. The installation form code for the drooping ESFR nozzle is P, and the installation form code for the upright ESFR nozzle is U.
3.4、自定义代号由制造商规定，可用于表征热敏感元件的类型、产品特殊结构等信息，由大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字或其组合构成，字符不宜超过3个。
3.4. The custom code is specified by the manufacturer and can be used to characterize the type of thermal sensing element, special product structure, and other information. It should consist of uppercase English letters, Arabic numerals, or a combination thereof, and should not exceed 3 characters.
3.5、ESFR喷头的型号标记如下：
3.5. The model markings for ESFR nozzles are as follows:
示例1：ESFR-202/68 ℃ P Q2.5，表示公称流量系数为202、公称动作温度为68℃、下垂式安装、热敏感元件为2.5 mm 玻璃球的ESFR喷头。
Example 1: ESFR-202/68 ℃ P Q2.5, represents an ESFR nozzle with a nominal flow coefficient of 202, a nominal operating temperature of 68 ℃, a hanging installation, and a thermal sensing element of 2.5 mm glass ball.
示例2：ESFR-363/74 ℃ U Y，表示公称流量系数为363，公称动作温度为74℃、直立式安装、热敏感元件为易熔合金的ESFR喷头。
Example 2: ESFR-363/74 ℃ U Y represents an ESFR nozzle with a nominal flow coefficient of 363, a nominal operating temperature of 74 ℃, an upright installation, and a thermal sensing element made of a fusible alloy.
早期抑制快速响应喷头
Early inhibition of rapid response nozzles
ESFR-202/68°C P Q2.5
ESFR-202/68°C P Q2.5
ESFR早期抑制快速响应喷头是近几年为对付重危火灾而设计开发出来的喷头，能对高危度火灾作出快速响应，在大水滴和快速流率的作用下及时喷出大流量的水，进行早期抑制灭火，而不只是控制火灾。
ESFR early suppression rapid response nozzle is a nozzle designed and developed in recent years to deal with high-risk fires. It can respond quickly to high-risk fires by spraying large amounts of water in a timely manner under the action of large water droplets and rapid flow rates, for early suppression and fire extinguishing, rather than just controlling fires.
ESFR早期抑制快速响应喷头，对保护高堆垛和高货架仓库具有特殊的优势，而不需再增设货架喷头。此喷头可用于货品最大堆高12m,仓库最大净空高度13.5m的仓储场所。喷头主要是用来保护托盘、单排货架及多排货架仓储货物;也可用于固体堆放的圆筒状纸品仓库、塑料仓库和橡胶轮胎仓库等的保护。ESFR喷头在扑灭货架上部燃火的同时，喷洒出来的强大水柱，可穿越货架扑灭在货架底部的火灾。
ESFR early suppression of rapid response nozzles has special advantages in protecting high stack and high shelf warehouses without the need for additional shelf nozzles. This nozzle can be used in storage areas with a maximum stacking height of 12m for goods and a maximum clearance height of 13.5m for warehouses. The nozzle is mainly used to protect pallets, single row shelves, and multi row shelves for storing goods; It can also be used for the protection of cylindrical paper warehouses, plastic warehouses, and rubber tire warehouses for solid stacking. The ESFR nozzle not only extinguishes the fire on the upper part of the shelf, but also sprays a powerful water column that can penetrate the shelf and extinguish the fire at the bottom of the shelf.
ESFR型喷头属特殊喷头，在不同使用场所，对建筑物结构、障碍物、水力计算、喷洒流量和安装有特殊要求。其水力计算、喷洒流量和安装要求必须与公司公布的技术参数相对应，确保喷头在灭火时能达到早期抑制、快速响应的目的。
ESFR type nozzles are special nozzles that have special requirements for building structures, obstacles, hydraulic calculations, spray flow rates, and installation in different usage locations. The hydraulic calculation, spray flow rate, and installation requirements must correspond to the technical parameters announced by the company to ensure that the nozzle can achieve early suppression and rapid response during fire extinguishing.
四、水幕喷头
4、 Water curtain nozzle
1、术语
1. Terminology
①水幕喷头：可以持续地喷水形成水幕帘，对受火灾威胁表面进行保护并形成防火分隔，固定在水幕系统管路中的喷洒装置。
① Water curtain nozzle: a spraying device that can continuously spray water to form a water curtain, protect surfaces threatened by fire, and form fire separation. It is fixed in the pipeline of the water curtain system.
②水幕展角：水幕喷洒时，以喷头为顶点所形成的扇形水幕的顶角。
② Water curtain angle: The top angle of the fan-shaped water curtain formed by the nozzle as the vertex during water curtain spraying.
③水幕倾角：喷头喷洒时，喷头入水口轴线与出水口轴线的夹角。
③ Water curtain inclination angle: the angle between the inlet axis and outlet axis of the nozzle when spraying.
2、分类2.1、根据结构形式分类
2. Classification 2.1: Classification based on structural form
2.1.1、缝隙式水幕喷头
2.1.1. Gap type water curtain nozzle
2.1.1.1、单隙式水幕喷头：水流通过喷头体上的一条缝隙，按设计外形喷洒的水幕喷头。
2.1.1.1 Single gap water curtain nozzle: A water curtain nozzle that sprays water through a gap on the nozzle body according to the design shape.
2.1.1.2、双隙式水幕喷头：水流通过喷头体上的两条缝隙，按设计外形喷洒的水幕喷头。
2.1.1.2 Double gap water curtain nozzle: A water curtain nozzle that sprays water through two gaps on the nozzle body according to the design shape.
2.1.2、冲击式水幕喷头
2.1.2. Impact type water curtain nozzle
2.1.2.1、挡板冲击式水幕喷头：水流通过喷头内部，冲击到外部导流挡板上，按设计外形喷洒的水幕喷头。
2.1.2.1 Barrier impact water curtain nozzle: Water flows through the inside of the nozzle and impacts the external guide baffle, spraying the water curtain nozzle according to the design shape.
2.1.2.2、曲面冲击式水幕喷头：水流通过喷头内部，冲击到外部导流面上，按设计外形喷洒的水幕喷头。
2.1.2.2 Curved Impact Water Curtain Nozzle: Water flows through the interior of the nozzle and impacts the external guiding surface, spraying according to the designed shape of the water curtain nozzle.
2.2、根据使用用途分类
2.2 Classification based on usage purpose
2.2.1、防火分隔用水幕喷头：通过密集喷洒形成水墙或水帘，达到阻隔火蔓延及热扩散的水幕喷头。
2.2.1. Water curtain nozzle for fire separation: A water curtain nozzle that uses dense spraying to form a water wall or curtain to block the spread of fire and heat.
2.2.2、防护冷却用水幕喷头：直接喷洒到被保护对象上，达到冷却、降温目的的水幕喷头。
2.2.2. Water curtain nozzle for protective cooling: a water curtain nozzle that directly sprays onto the protected object to achieve the purpose of cooling and temperature reduction.
3、型号编制水幕喷头的型号由结构代号、用途特征代号、公称流量系数和水幕展角等部分组成。结构代号表明喷头的结构形式等特征，由以下符号构成：代号A：表示水幕倾角为0°。
3. The model of the water curtain nozzle is composed of structural code, usage characteristic code, nominal flow coefficient, and water curtain angle. The structural code indicates the structural form and other characteristics of the nozzle, consisting of the following symbols: code A: represents a water curtain inclination angle of 0 °.
代号B：表示水幕倾
Code B: Refers to the tilting of the water curtain
角为90°，且只有一个出水口。
The angle is 90 degrees and there is only one outlet.
代号C：表示水幕倾角为90°，且有两个出水口。代号D：表示水幕倾角非0°或90°。用途特征代号表明喷头的用途：
Code C: indicates that the inclination angle of the water curtain is 90 ° and there are two water outlets. Code D: indicates that the inclination angle of the water curtain is not 0 ° or 90 °. The use characteristic code indicates the purpose of the nozzle:
代号G：表示仅适用于防火分隔用水幕喷头。
Code G: indicates only applicable to water curtain nozzles for fire separation.
代号L：表示仅适用于防护冷却用水幕喷头。
Code L: indicates only applicable to water curtain nozzles for protective cooling.
代号T：表示同时适用于防火分隔和防护冷却的通用型水幕喷头。
Code T: Refers to a universal water curtain nozzle that is suitable for both fire separation and protective cooling.
型号标记：
Model Marking:
示例1：ZSTM A-T 40/120表示A型、通用型、公称流量系数为40，水幕展角为120°的水幕喷头。
Example 1: ZSTM A-T 40/120 represents a type A, universal, water curtain nozzle with a nominal flow coefficient of 40 and a water curtain angle of 120 °.
示例2：ZSTM D-L 60/150表示D型、防护冷却用，公称流量系数为60，水幕展角为150°的水幕喷头。
Example 2: ZSTM D-L 60/150 represents a D-type water curtain nozzle for protective cooling, with a nominal flow coefficient of 60 and a water curtain angle of 150 °.
ZSTMA系列
ZSTMA series
(下垂式)
(Pendant type)
水幕喷头是水幕灭火系统中的关键部件。它与雨淋报警阀、消防管网、控测报警装置等组成水幕灭火系统。
The water curtain nozzle is a key component in the water curtain fire extinguishing system. It forms a water curtain fire extinguishing system with rain alarm valves, fire protection pipelines, control and alarm devices, etc.
水幕喷头主要起到防火分隔、防护冷却及局部降温作用。与防火门、防火幕、防火卷帘等配合使用以达到冷却的目的，在无法安装防火门、防火卷帘的情况下，如建筑物大厅连接道口、地下通道、舞台口、电梯口、输送带上等可以通过水幕保护形成区域防火分隔。
The water curtain nozzle mainly plays a role in fire separation, protective cooling, and local cooling. Used in conjunction with fire doors, fire curtains, fire shutters, etc. to achieve cooling purposes, in situations where fire doors and fire shutters cannot be installed, such as building hall connecting entrances, underground passages, stage entrances, elevator entrances, conveyor belts, etc., area fire separation can be formed through water curtain protection.
水幕喷头根据水幕倾角常见可分为:A型一水幕倾角为0°(即习惯称的下垂型、下喷型);B型一水幕倾角为90°(即习惯称的侧喷、窗口式)。
Water curtain nozzles can be commonly divided into: Type A with a water curtain inclination angle of 0 ° (commonly known as drooping type or downward spraying type); The inclination angle of Type B water curtain is 90 ° (commonly known as side spray or window type).
根据用途特征分为:G型一适用于防火分隔用水幕喷头;L型一适用于防护冷却用水幕喷头;T型一适用于防火分隔和防护冷却的通用型水幕喷头。
According to its usage characteristics, it can be divided into: G-type, suitable for water curtain nozzles for fire separation; L-type one is suitable for protective cooling water curtain nozzles; T-shaped universal water curtain nozzle suitable for fire separation and protective cooling.
根据水幕喷头制造的本体材料分为:铜合金系列水幕喷头、
According to the material of the water curtain nozzle, it can be divided into: copper alloy series water curtain nozzle
奥氏体不锈钢系列水幕喷头。
Austenitic stainless steel series water curtain nozzle.
五、家用喷头
5、 Household nozzle
1、术语家用喷头：安装在家庭和其他类似居住空间内，在预定的温度范围内自行启动，按设计的洒水形状和流量洒水到设计的保护区域内的一种快速响应喷头。
1. The term household sprinkler: a quick response sprinkler installed in homes and other similar living spaces, which automatically starts within a predetermined temperature range and sprays water into a designed protected area according to the designed sprinkler shape and flow rate.
2、型号编制家用喷头的型号规格由类型特征代号、性能代号、公称流量系数和公称动作温度等部分组成。类型特征代号表明了产品的结构形式和特征，由不超过3位大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字或其组合构成，可由生产商自己命名。性能代号表明喷头的洒水分布类型、安装位置等特性，由下列符号构成：
2. The model specifications of household nozzles are composed of type characteristic codes, performance codes, nominal flow coefficients, and nominal operating temperatures. The type characteristic code indicates the structural form and characteristics of the product, consisting of no more than 3 uppercase English letters, Arabic numerals, or their combinations, and can be named by the manufacturer themselves. The performance code indicates the sprinkler distribution type, installation location, and other characteristics of the nozzle, consisting of the following symbols:
下垂型家用喷头：
Pendant household nozzle:
RES-SP直立型家用喷头：
RES-SP upright household nozzle:
RES-SU直立边墙型家用喷头：
RES-SU upright wall type household nozzle:
RES-USW水平边墙型家用喷头：
RES-USW horizontal wall type household nozzle:
RES-HSW齐平式下垂型家用喷头：
RES-HSW Flat Pendant Household Nozzle:
RES-FSP齐平式边墙型家用喷头：
RES-FSP flush wall type household nozzle:
RES-FSW嵌入式下垂型家用喷头：
RES-FSW embedded drooping household nozzle:
RES-RSP嵌入式边墙型家用喷头：
RES-RSP embedded wall type household nozzle:
RES-RSW隐蔽式下垂型家用喷头：
RES-RSW concealed hanging household nozzle:
RES-CSP隐蔽式边墙型家用喷头：
RES-CSP concealed wall type household nozzle:
RES-CSW型号编制示例家用喷头的型号编制方法如下：
The RES-CSW model designation example for household nozzles is as follows:
示例1：A1 RES-SP 60-57℃表示A1型，下垂安装，公称流量系数为60，公称动作温度为57℃的家用喷头。
Example 1: A1 RES-SP 60-57 ℃ represents a household nozzle of A1 type, with a hanging installation, a nominal flow coefficient of 60, and a nominal operating temperature of 57 ℃.
示例2：C2 RES-HSW 70-68℃表示C2型，边墙型、水平安装，公称流量系数为70，公称动作温度为68℃的家用喷头。
Example 2: C2 RES-HSW 70-68 ℃ represents a C2 type, side wall type, horizontally installed household nozzle with a nominal flow coefficient of 70 and a nominal operating temperature of 68 ℃.
六、特殊应用喷头
6、 Special application nozzle
1、术语特殊应用喷头：公称流量系数K大于或等于161，具有较大水滴粒径的标准覆盖面积洒水喷头。
1. Special application sprinkler: a standard coverage area sprinkler with a nominal flow coefficient K greater than or equal to 161 and a larger droplet size.
注：在通过标准试验验证后，可用于保护民用建筑高大净空场所或仓库。
Note: After verification through standard tests, it can be used to protect tall and clear spaces or warehouses in civil buildings.
2、分类
2. Classification
2.1 特殊应用喷头（以下简称为“喷头”）按使用场所分为：
2.1 Special application nozzles (hereinafter referred to as "nozzles") are divided into:
a) 非仓库型喷头，代号为CHSA；b) 仓库型喷头，代号为CMSA。
a) Non warehouse type nozzle, code CHSA; b) Warehouse type nozzle, code named CMSA.
2.2 按热敏感元件分为：
2.2 Classified by heat sensitive components:
a) 易熔元件喷头，代号为Y；b) 玻璃球喷头，代号为Q。2.3 按安装位置分为：a) 下垂型喷头，代号为X；b)
a) Fusible element nozzle, code Y; b) Glass ball nozzle, code Q. 2.3 Divided by installation position: a) Pendant nozzle, code X; b)
直立型喷头，代号为Z。
Vertical nozzle, code named Z.
2.4 按灵敏度分为：a) 快速响应喷头，代号为K；b) 特殊响应喷头，代号为T；c) 标准响应喷头，代号省略。
2.4 According to sensitivity, it is divided into: a) fast response nozzle, code K; b) special response nozzle, code T; c) standard response nozzle, code omitted.
3、型号喷头的型号由产品代号、性能代号、公称流量系数、公称动作温度、自定义代号等部分组成。
3. The model of the nozzle is composed of product code, performance code, nominal flow coefficient, nominal operating temperature, custom code, and other parts.
3.1自定义代号由制造商规定，用于表征热敏元件的类型、产品特殊结构等信息，由大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字或其组合构成，字符不宜超过3个。
3.1 The custom code is specified by the manufacturer and is used to characterize the type of thermistor, special structure of the product, and other information. It consists of uppercase English letters, Arabic numerals, or a combination thereof, and should not exceed 3 characters.
3.2型号标记如下：示例1：CHSAX 161-68 ℃ Q5，表示标准响应等级、下垂安装、公称流量系数为161，公称动作温度为68 ℃，热敏元件为直径5mm玻璃球的非仓库型特殊应用喷头。
3.2 The model markings are as follows: Example 1: CHSAX 161-68 ℃ Q5, which represents the standard response level, droop installation, nominal flow coefficient of 161, nominal operating temperature of 68 ℃, and thermal sensing element is a non warehouse special application nozzle with a diameter of 5mm glass ball.
示例2：CMSAZ 363-74 ℃ Y，表示直立安装、公称流量系数为363，公称动作温度为74 ℃ ，热敏元件为易熔合金的仓库型特殊应用喷头。
Example 2: CMSAZ 363-74 ℃ Y represents a warehouse type special application nozzle with an upright installation, a nominal flow coefficient of 363, a nominal operating temperature of 74 ℃, and a thermal sensing element made of a melting alloy.
注：CHSA喷头中的快速响应等级喷头、特殊响应等级喷头在性能代号前分别加“K”“T”并以“-”与性能代号间隔，标准响应等级喷头在性能代号前不加符号。
Note: Quick response level nozzles and special response level nozzles in CHSA nozzles are respectively marked with "K" and "T" before the performance code and separated by "-" from the performance code. Standard response level nozzles are not marked before the performance code.
特殊应用喷头
Special application nozzle
CHSAZ-202/68°C
CHSAZ-202/68°C
特殊应用喷头按使用场所分为非仓库型特殊应用喷头(代号为CHSA)和仓库型特殊应用喷头(代号为CMSA)。CHSA喷头适用于民用建筑高大空间场所，如:中庭、影剧院、音乐厅、会展中心体育馆、厂房等;CMSA喷头适用于保护高堆垛、高货架、
Special application nozzles are divided into non warehouse special application nozzles (code CHSA) and warehouse special application nozzles (code CMSA) according to their usage locations. CHSA nozzles are suitable for high-rise spaces in civil buildings, such as atriums, theaters, music halls, exhibition centers, sports halls, factories, etc; CMSA nozzles are suitable for protecting high stacks and shelves
托盘仓库，最大净空高度超过8m的超级市场等场所。CHSA喷头适宜安装的净空高度为大于8m小于等于18m;CMSA喷头适宜用于最大净空高度不超过12.0m,且最大储物高度不超过10.5m;储物类别为仓库危险级I、I1级的场所。在高架仓库使用时，因其动作时能喷洒较大水滴粒径的水，有很好的货架穿透力，所以无需增设货架内喷头，省却了货架内喷头带来的仓储麻烦，也不必担心货架内喷头会遭到损坏。与ESFR喷头相比，该类喷头适用压力范围较宽，最低工作压力较低，障碍物对喷头的洒水影响较小。
Pallet warehouses, supermarkets and other places with a maximum clearance height exceeding 8m. The suitable installation clearance height for CHSA nozzles is greater than 8m and less than or equal to 18m; CMSA nozzles are suitable for places with a maximum clearance height of no more than 12.0m and a maximum storage height of no more than 10.5m; storage categories are warehouse hazard levels I and I1. When used in an elevated warehouse, it can spray water with larger droplet sizes and has good shelf penetration, so there is no need to add nozzles inside the shelves, saving storage trouble caused by nozzles inside the shelves, and there is no need to worry about damage to the nozzles inside the shelves. Compared with ESFR nozzles, this type of nozzle has a wider pressure range, lower minimum working pressure, and less impact of obstacles on the nozzle's water spraying.
特殊应用喷头在不同使用场所，对建筑物结构、仓储货物类别、堆垛要求、障碍物、水力计算、喷洒流量和安装等均有特殊要求。其设计和安装应符合《自动喷水灭火系统设计规范》和公司公布的技术参数要求。
Special application nozzles have special requirements for building structures, types of stored goods, stacking requirements, obstacles, hydraulic calculations, spray flow rates, and installation in different usage locations. Its design and installation should comply with the "Design Specification for Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing Systems" and the technical parameter requirements published by the company.
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